Jaundice is a clinical manifestation of hyper
bilrubinemia.it occur when bilirubin level exceed more than 1.8mg/dl. jaundice
come from the French world ‘jaune’ it mean yellow.in jaundice there is
yellowish coloration of skin, conjunctiva, mucous membrane and sole of the foot
due to hyperbilrubunemia.it caused by the hepatic failure or other hepatic
disease like hepatitis ,hepatotoxicity, hepatic cancer and obstruction of the
bile duct. Yellowish skin also called ‘kerotemia’. krotemia is harmless but
yellowish mucous membrane and sclera is
dangerous.
Sign and symptom
Yellowish coloration
of the skin
Yellowish colorations of sclera also called ‘scleral
icterus’.it doesn’t mean yellowish coloration of sclera but its outer layer
conjunctiva becomes yellow.
Different
diagnosis
ü
It’s divided into 3 categories
ü
pre hepatic
ü
hepatic
ü
post hepatic
Pre hepetic
ü
It occurs due to haemolysis. The genetic
condition, sickle cell anaemia spherocytosis, thalassemia, G6PD (glucose 6
phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) and disease like malaria can lead to
jaundice.
ü
Defect in the metabolism of bilirubin as in
gilbert’s syndrome, cringer nijjar syndrome.
ü
Increase production of bilirubin cause
urine- urobilinogen. But bilirubin not present in urine.
