It’s the inability of the heart to effectively pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body. The underline mechanism of heart failure involves impaired contractile property lead to the lower cardiac output than normal. It’s also called congestive heart failure (CCF), congestive heart failure (CHF).
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| Heart Failure |
It occurs when the cardiac output is low and body become congested with fluid. Fluid over lode is common problem of the heart failure but it’s not for all cases. Some patients of heart failure are having dehydration or hypovolemic.
Heart failure may also occur when the body requirement of oxygen and nutrients are increased. Heart failure can’t be cured but can system can be controlled by the medical intervention.
It causes a number of symptoms. Heart failure require medical attention when there is
ü Shortness of breath
ü Swelling of the leg and feet’s
ü Excessive intolerance, weight gain 2 pounds in two connective days
There are many terms which are related to heart failure, they may be the following shouldn’t confuse in it.
ü Cardiac arrest refers to situation when there is no cardiac out put
ü Myocardial infraction (heart attack) refers to damage of cardiac cell due to deficiency of the blood
ü Cardiomyopathy refers to cardiac ischemia results as a coronary blockage
ü Dilated cardiomyopathy or hypertrophy cardiomyopathy refers to enlargement or thickening of the heart muscles due to muscle damage.
Classification
There are many ways to classify heart failure including
ü Related to the right side heart failure and left side heart failure.
ü Abnormalities related to associated disease like long term hypertension, prior history of heart failure, renal failure.
ü Low cardiac output related high systemic resistance, high cardiac output related to low systemic resistance.
ü Abnormalities related to insufficient systemic relaxation and contraction.
Classification according to New York association the classes (1-4)
Class-1 there is no symptom from ordinary activity.
Class-2 mild symptoms present and it limit activity but patient comfortable at rest.
Class-3 moderate symptom present and it limit any type of activity.
Ciass-4 any activity bring discomfort, symptom also occur at rest.
Classification according to the American association
Stage -1 theirs no symptom of heart failure, and there is no functional and structural disorder but theirs chances of heart failure.
Stage-2 structural dysfunction but there’s no symptom of heart failure.
Stage-3 previous heart failure but treated by medical treatment.
Stage -4 chronic stage disease is advanced and need hospitalisation for palliative care and further surgical treatment.
The worldwide classification for right and left side heart side heart failure-
Ø Right side heart failure compromise with pulmonary flow to lunge and left side compromise with aortic flow to body.
Ø Long-time heart failure causes right side heart failure.
Ø Show mixed type of sign and symptom.
Sign and symptom
Sign and symptom divide right and left side heart failure
Signs:-left side heart failure
· Tachycardia (increased rate of breathing)
· Crackles heard in the base of the lung
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